Fig. 3

Chronic restraint stress (CRS)-induced inflammatory cytokine over-expression and inflammatory signal activation. Protein levels were assessed at 7, 14, and 21 days of CRS. a–d Representative immunoblots and relative levels of TLR4 protein (a), MyD88 protein (b), NF-κB protein (c), and Iba-1 protein (d) in hippocampus. Results are shown as fold change relative to GAPDH (a, b, d) or histone 1 (c) protein level. e–h ELISA was used to measure levels of TNF-α and IL-1 in the hippocampus (e, f) and serum (g, h). Con, control group. All data are expressed as mean ± SEM. n = 8 per group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. control group