Fig. 3

SSO reduced the LPS + IFN-induced pro-inflammatory mediators IL-6 and NOS2 while increasing Nrf2, the main regulator of the antioxidant response. BV2 cells were exposed to LPS + IFNγ in the presence or absence of SSO for 24 h. The mRNA expression levels of IL-6 (a), NOS2 (b), Nrf2 (c), and HO-1 (d) were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM. The results were analyzed with one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. n = 3 per group from three independent experiments, and the values were normalized to controls. *p < 0.01, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001