Fig. 4

Ki67 protein expression in brain areas following local delivery of IL-4 and CSF-1. Following the i.c.v. injection of vehicle (veh; a, d), 250 ng IL-4 (b, e, and h) and 1 μg CSF-1 (C, F and J) brains were processed by immunohistochemistry to visualize Ki67 expression. Images were taken from the cortex (a–c) and hippocampus (d–f) of mice. Histograms in g show the quantification of the percentage of Ki67-positive cells with respect to the total number of cells in brain areas, as specified; h, j monocyte-like cells were detected in brain vessels from IL-4- and CSF-1-treated mice, respectively and excluded from the counting. Bars represent mean values ± SEM (n = 3). Student’s unpaired t test, *p < 0.05 versus veh; ° p < 0.05 versus IL-4. Scale bar, 100 μm