Fig. 5

Microglia reacts to ALS-CSF by acquiring an inflammatory phenotype. Analysis of COX-2 mRNA levels after 48 h of exposure to ALS-CSF revealed a significant upregulation in three samples (a **p < 0.01, NC and NALS vs. ALS) and downregulation in the other two (a’) in response to ALS-CSF. Representative confocal images of cultures immunostained for COX-2 (FITC, green; b–d ***p < 0.001, NC; ^## p < 0.01, NALS vs. ALS; n = 5 in duplicates; graph e) and its downstream inflammatory molecule PGE2 (Cy3, red, b–d” ***p < 0.001, NC and NALS; n = 5 in duplicates; graph f). Analysis of the significance was carried out using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test