Fig. 2
From: Curcumin attenuates collagen-induced inflammatory response through the “gut-brain axis”
Effect of curcumin on the cholinergic system function in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats. Rats were intradermally injected with type II collagen (CII) to induce CIA. Curcumin (Cur, 100 mg/kg) was orally administered daily 2 weeks, and the heart rate (HR), blood pressure, and heart rate variability (HRV) were assessed 1 h after treatment on day 27. a Effect of Cur on HR in CIA rats. b Effect of Cur on blood pressure in CIA rats. c Effect of Cur on HRV summary variables in time domain in CIA rats. d Effect of Cur on HRV summary variables in frequency domain in CIA rats. SDNN standard deviation of all R-R intervals, RMSSD square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent R-R intervals, LF low-frequency power, HF high-frequency power. Data were shown as means ± S.E.M. for each group (n = 6). #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 vs. normal group; **p < 0.01 vs. model group