Fig. 5

Effects of P.gingivalis-LPS on response and memory of mice in the passive avoidance test (PAT). The PAT was used to evaluate passive avoidance learning in mice following the Morris water maze (MWM) test. The following parameters were determined: latency to enter the dark compartment (a) and error times to enter the dark compartment (b). Administration of P.gingivalis-LPS reduced the latency and increased error times to enter the dark compartment. Data are presented as mean ± SEM; ***p < 0.001, compared to the control group; ^##p < 0.01 and  ^###p < 0.001, compared to the P.gingivalis-LPS group