Fig. 1

Trovafloxacin treatment improves locomotor behavior and attenuates brain damage. a The rotarod test was used to evaluate latency (time) to fall in sham treated with vehicle (gray open circles), sham treated with trovafloxacin (TVX, black open circles), CCI-injured mice treated with vehicle (gray closed circles), or trovafloxacin (TVX, black closed circles) for up to 5 days post-CCI. Latency to fall was normalized to the baseline behavior for each group. Values are represented as mean ± SEM (n = 8 per group). Linear regression analysis was used to determine statistical difference between different groups at each time point (p values calculated for treatment and treatment*time). *p < 0.05, sham vehicle vs. CCI + vehicle; #p < 0.05 sham vehicle vs. CCI + TVX. Identical p values at their respective PDI were found for sham + TVX vs. CCI vehicle or CCI + TVX (not symbols display). b Representative western blots images showing MMP-9 protein levels at 6 days post-injury in sham treated with vehicle and CCI-injured mice treated with vehicle or trovafloxacin. Bottom western blot corresponds to the GAPDH, which was used as housekeeping gene. Note that sham mice treated with TVX are not display in the western blots. Graph shows to densitometric quantification of MMP-9 normalized to GAPDH values. Values are represented as mean ± SEM (n = 5 per group). c α–ΙΙ spectrin and SPDBs (140 and 120 kDa) expression levels at 6 days post-injury in sham and CCI-injured mice treated with vehicle or trovafloxacin. Bottom western blot shows GAPDH. Note that sham mice treated with TVX are not displayed in the western blots. Graph shows densitometric quantification of SPDB 120 kDa normalized to GAPDH expression. Values are represented as mean ± SEM. (n = 5 per group). Two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD test was used to determine statistical significance. *p < 0.01, sham vehicle vs. CCI group; **p < 0.01, CCI vehicle vs. CCI + TVX. No differences were found between sham vehicle and sham TVX (see also Additional file 1: Figure S1)