Fig. 4
From: Trovafloxacin attenuates neuroinflammation and improves outcome after traumatic brain injury in mice
Trovafloxacin treatment attenuates the expression levels of markers for leukocytes and glia cells in the injured brain. RNA was isolated from ipsilateral cortex from each group, and gene expression levels were determined by qPCR at 1 and 6 days post-injury: a myeloperoxidase (MPO), marker of neutrophils; b glial fibrillary protein (GFAP), marker of astrocytes; c ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1), marker of microglia; and d cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68), marker of activated microglia. Values are expressed as mean fold change (± SEM) relative to sham, and GAPDH was used as endogenous control. Linear regression analyses were used to determine statistical significance. (p values calculated for dpi and treatment, for MPO, GFAP, Iba-1, and CD68 separately). *p < 0.01, CCI 1 dpi vs. CCI 6 dpi, **p < 0.05, CCI vehicle vs. CCI + TVX