Fig. 3

Laquinimod reduced monocytes infiltration: a–b Representative images of cortex at 3 days after TBI. a–b Flow cytometry analysis to look at infiltrated monocytes in the brain. a shows CD45 gated cells and total monocytes determined as CD45⁺CX3CR1^lowCCR2⁺ cells. b shows that CD45⁺CX3CR1^lowCCR2⁺ gated cells and Ly6C^high cells are infiltrating monocytes. Quantification of both total and infiltrating monocytes revealed increase in TBI-water group and reduction in TBI-laquinimod group. c Sections stained for RFP to visualize infiltrating peripherally derived monocytes. We studied five to seven mice per group from at least three independent experiments. Scale bar, 100 μm. Symbols denote significant difference between groups. Error bars indicate mean ± s.e.m. (n = 3–6/group). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01