Fig. 6

Scheme showing the proposed mechanisms for the IL-1β-induced alterations in membrane expression of GluA2 and GluA1 subunits of AMPA receptor in hippocampus of hyperammonemic rats. Hyperammonemia increases IL-1β, enhancing activation of IL-1 receptor. This leads to activation of Src, reflected in increased phosphorylation of Tyr416. a Src in turn enhances phosphorylation at Tyr1472 and membrane expression of GluN2B, which leads to activation of p38. Activated p38 binds to and reduces phosphorylation at Thr560 and activity of PKCζ, thus resulting in reduced phosphorylation at Ser880 and enhanced membrane expression of GluA2. b Src also activates PKCδ which enhances phosphorylation of GluN2B at Ser1303, reducing membrane expression of CaMKII and phosphorylation at Ser831 and membrane expression of GluA1