Fig. 7

EV release in immune-activated microglia is associated with sphingolipid metabolism. BV2 cells were treated with 10 μM BPTES or 10 μM CB839 4 h prior to LPS treatment overnight. BV2 cell regular medium was changed to serum-free DMEM medium when GLS1 inhibitors were added. Two hours prior to LPS treatment, 50 or 100 μM ceramide was added to BV2 cells. a Protein lysates were collected from LPS-treated BV2 cells with or without GLS1 inhibitors or ceramide. GLS1 activities were determined by the enzyme activity assay. ANOVA and Bonferroni post-test; *** denotes p < 0.001 compared with that of the ceramide group. ^### denotes p < 0.001 compared with that of the LPS-treated group, n = 3 per group. b After 50-μM ceramide treatment, NTA was performed on the EVs isolated from the culture supernatants. Quantifications of the EV concentration were performed by NanoSight. ANOVA and Bonferroni post-test; * denotes p < 0.05 compared with that of the LPS-treated group, n = 5 per group