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Fig. 5 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 5

From: Roles of astrocytic connexin-43, hemichannels, and gap junctions in oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion injury induced neuroinflammation and the possible regulatory mechanisms of salvianolic acid B and carbenoxolone

Fig. 5

Flow cytometry-based evaluation of microglial subtype polarization and concentrations of M1-related pro-inflammatory and M2-related anti-inflammatory cytokines in cultured microglia supernatants. a1, a2 We used flow cytometry to evaluate the expression levels of CD40 and CD206, the markers for M1 and M2 phenotypes, respectively. OGD/R injury increased the percentage of CD40+CD11b+ microglia while decreasing the percentage of CD206+CD11b+ microglia. SalB reversed these effects. Effect of ACM on microglial polarization was also detected. ACM from OGD/R group significantly increased the percentage of CD40+CD11b+ microglia, while decreasing the percentage of CD206+CD11b+ microglia; OGD/R-SalB application decreased the percentage of CD40+CD11b+ microglia, while it enhanced the percentage of CD206+CD11b+ microglia; OGD/R-CBX treatment decreased both the percentage of CD40+CD11b+ and CD206+CD11b+ microglia; b(1-3), c(1-2) The OGD/R group exhibited increased levels of the M1-related-pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α (b1), IFN-γ (b2), and IL-6 (b3), whereas the OGD/R-SalB group exhibited reduced levels of these pro-inflammatory cytokines while increasing the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 (c1) and IL-10 (c2). Also, the effects of ACM on M1- or M2-related cytokines were evaluated. We evaluated the statistical significance with ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple comparisons test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001

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Journal of Neuroinflammation

ISSN: 1742-2094