Fig. 2

Effects of BF on lactate dehydrogenase and reactive oxygen species formation in primary microglia. Microglial cells were exposed to different concentrations of BF (1–20 μM) for 4 and 24 h. Release of LDH (a, b) and formation of ROS (c, d) were measured by a spectrofluorometer. Statistical analyses were carried out by using post hoc Student–Newman–Keuls test. Results are expressed as means ± SEM of three independent experiments. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; **p < 0.001 compared with control (DMSO, white column)