Fig. 3

Expression and localisation of C1q in the spinal cord of non-transgenic, TDP-43^WT and TDP-43^Q331K mice at 16 months of age. a The immunoreactive area of C1q in the spinal cord of non-transgenic (NTg, orange bars), TDP-43^WT (green bars) and TDP-43^Q331K (blue bars) at 16 months. Data are expressed as means ± SEM (n = 4 mice/group, *P < 0.05, one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test). b–j Double immunolabelling of C1q (red) with cellular markers (green) for motor neurons (ChAT; b–d), microglia (Iba-1; e–g) and astrocyte (GFAP; h–j) in the ventral lumbar spinal cord of NTg, TDP-43^WT and TDP-43^Q331K mice at 16 months of age. C1q was co-localised with ChAT-positive motor neurons (d, white arrow) and microglia (g, white arrow) in TDP-43^Q331K mice. Note that white arrows indicate red and green fluorescent signal merge to orange. In TDP-43^Q331K mice, immunolabelling of C1q was also evident on other cell types, indicated by lack of co-localisation with anti-ChAT, anti-Iba-1 and anti-GFAP (d, g, j). Scale bars for all panels = 20 μm