Fig. 4

TNF-α titers within tissues of interest from pups exposed to LPS+HI+IL-1Ra±HT. TNF-α concentrations measured by ELISA were increased at 24 h post-HI within the right cerebral hemisphere (a) and the liver (b) in LPS+HI+HT+IL-1Ra (50 mg/kg) as compared to LPS+HI+IL-1Ra (50 mg/kg) conditions. The TNF-α titers were similar in both conditions at 4 h post-HI. The number (n) of rats used was LPS+HI+IL-1Ra (n = 5–8 from 4 litters) and LPS+HI+HT+IL-1Ra (n = 6–8 from 4 litters). The bars indicate the mean ± SEM. *p ≤ 0.05; independent T test. Abbreviations: HI, hypoxia-ischemia; HT, hypothermia; hrIL-1Ra, human recombinant of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist; LPS, lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli; TNF-α, tumor necrosis-α