Fig. 1

Ibrutinib did not exhibit toxicity toward BV2 microglial cells at concentrations up to 25 μM. a Structure of ibrutinib. b BV2 microglial cells were treated with vehicle (1% DMSO) or ibrutinib (100, 250, 500, 750, or 1000 nM) for 24 h, and MTT assays were performed (n = 16 replicates per dose). c BV2 microglial cells were treated with vehicle (1% DMSO) or ibrutinib (1, 5, 10, 25, or 50 μM) for 24 h, and cell viability was measured (n = 8 replicates per dose). d BV2 microglial cells were pretreated with ibrutinib (1 μM) or vehicle (1% DMSO) for 30 min, followed by treatment with LPS (1 μg/ml) or PBS for 5.5 h and immunostaining with an anti-CD11b antibody. Scale bar = 20 μm, ***p < 0.001