Fig. 2

Ibrutinib significantly decreased LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine levels in BV2 microglial cells. a BV2 microglial cells were treated with vehicle (1% DMSO) or ibrutinib (1 μM) for 30 min, followed by treatment with PBS or LPS (1 μg/ml) for 5.5 h, and RT-PCR was performed. b–f Quantification of the data shown in a (COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS, and TNF-α: con, n = 15; ibrutinib, n = 15; LPS, n = 15; ibrutinib+LPS, n = 15). g BV2 microglial cells were treated with vehicle (1% DMSO) or ibrutinib (1 μM) for 30 min, followed by PBS or LPS (1 μg/ml) for 5.5 h, and immunocytochemistry was conducted with anti-CD11b and anti-COX-2 antibodies. h Quantification of the data shown in g (COX-2: con, n = 77; LPS, n = 73; ibrutinib+LPS, n = 112). i BV2 microglial cells were treated with vehicle (1% DMSO) or ibrutinib (500 nM) for 30 min, treated with LPS (100 ng/ml) or PBS for 24 h, and measured IL-1β levels using IL-1β ELISA (con, n = 10; LPS, n = 10; LPS+ibrutinib, n = 10). Scale bar = 20 μm, ***p < 0.001