Fig. 7

Evaluation of learning (acquisition) and spatial memory retention (probe) using the Morris water maze. a–d During acquisition training sessions, repetitive mTBI mice demonstrated a persistent, significant increase in escape latency acutely, subacutely, and at 1- and 6-month post-injury (p < 0.05 at all time points; Tukey). All treatments with GF diets returned the levels to normal. e–h During probe trials, control and single mTBI mice demonstrated spatial memory retention, spending a significantly greater percentage of time in the target quadrant (SW), compared with all other quadrants (Min test). At the acute time point, rmTBI mice spent a similar percentage of time in all quadrants, no greater than chance, and also did not show a preference for the target quadrant, compared with the other quadrants subacutely and at 1 and 6 months post-injury (Min test). All treatments with GF diets returned the levels to normal. *p < 0.05. Values are mean ± SD. NW, northwest; NE, northeast; SE, southeast; SW, southwest