Fig. 5

Alemtuzumab treatment restores CD19⁺PD-L1^hi cells. In order to evaluate the B cell subset distribution post-alemtuzuamb, thawed PBMCs of alemtuzumab-treated patients (n = 11) were evaluated up to 12 months after induction. a Representative flow-cytometry dot plot of PD-L1 in total CD19⁺ B cells. b Cumulative data for the frequency of CD19⁺PD-L1^hi cells. The frequency of CD19⁺PD-L1^hi cells increased significantly until 12 M (6 M vs 0 M: p = 0.0004, 12 M vs 0 M: p = 0.0036). c Cumulative data for the absolute number of CD19⁺PD-L1^hi cells. No significant difference was observed in the absolute number of CD19⁺PD-L1^hi, CD19⁺PD-L1^int, and CD19⁺PD-L1^low cells. All values show mean ± SEM. All values show mean ± SEM. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc analysis.*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001