Fig. 1

Beneficial effect of ibuprofen seen as neuroprotection after inflammatory stress. Cortical neurons with or without ibuprofen pre-treatment were treated with MM or LM (12.5%) for 24 h then fixed and processed for immunocytochemistry. Control, MM, and LM treated groups are shown in panel (a–c and g). Ibuprofen pre-treated groups are shown in panels d–f and g. Quantification confirmed the above findings and their significance was determined with a two-way ANOVA (G and Table 3). Scale bar = 50 μm. n = 3–4 for each group. ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001 between control and LPS/MM/LM-treated groups without ibuprofen treatment