Fig. 4

Increased trabecular thickness in the arthritic ankle joint, but unaltered bone spur formation and porosity after sensory desensitization. Changes in bone volume and surface density (BV/TV, BS/TV) (a), trabecular thickness, and total pore volume (b). Representative 3D CT reconstructions of ankle joints (c) and axial CT slices (d) demonstrating cortical bone loss and osteophyte formation (cortical irregularities highlighted by arrowheads). Values are the means ± SEM, n = 7–8/group. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001 vs. respective non-arthritic control, ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01, ^###p < 0.001 vs. respective initial control. Two-way ANOVA was used