Table 1 Summary of receptors of microglia involved in viral encephalitis
Articles | Recognition | Receptors’ classification | Location | Effects |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Paludan et al. [19] | DNA sensors | TLR3/9; cGAS | Endosomes; cytoplasm | Leading to activation of IRFs and induction of IFNsStimulating autophagy and different types of cell death Activating the inflammatory NF-kB and inflammasome pathways |
Mogensen [21] | RNA sensors; surface glycoproteins (GP) sensors | TLR7/8RLRs (RIG-I, MDA5); TLR2/4 | Endosome/cytoplasm; cell surface | Resulting in an antiviral response mediated by type I IFN and cytokine production |
Sperlagh et al. [11] | ATP/adenosine sensors | P2X7/P2X4; A1/A2A/A3 adenosine receptors | Cell surface | Involved in secretion of various factors, such as IL–1β, IL–6, and TNF-α, mediating apoptosis Regulating the proliferation/survival of microglia |
Fekete et al. [9] | ATP | P2Y12 | Cell surface | Microglia are recruited around the infected neurons via P2Y12 signaling P2Y12 is essential for microglia to exert phagocytic activity. |
Vasek et al. [52] | Complement C3 and C3 cleavage products | C3R | Cell surface | Damaging of presynaptic ends and resulting in visual-spatial processing disorders and impaired memory function |