Fig. 5

Fluorescence and luminescent lanthanide detection in L5 mouse spinal cords from sham-operated and CCI pain treatment mice are shown. a, b Sham and CCI pain animal spinal cord luminescence using only SA-BHHTEGST-Eu³⁺ chelate staining (a; without probe) and time-gated microscopy (b; weak area of SA-BHHTEGST-Eu³⁺ chelate background fluorescence indicated by arrow). c, d Sham or CCI pain animal spinal cord luminescence using LISH-based TLR4 mRNA staining and time-gated microscopy (d; strong region of TLR4 mRNA staining indicated by arrow). e, f Sham or CCI pain animal spinal cord luminescence using FISH (SA-Alexafluor488)-based TLR4 mRNA staining. g, h Sham or CCI pain animal spinal cord luminescence using GFAP immunofluorescence (IF), arrows indicate regions positive for GFAP protein. Scale bars = 100 μm