Fig. 3

Identification of cell types among ATF3-positive neurons. Double immunofluorescence staining was performed using L5 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) tissues from rats subjected to continuous stress-loading (CS). a–r Representative double immunofluorescence labeling for ATF3 (b, e, h, k, n, q) with the markers TrkA (a), TrkB (d), TrkC (g), IB4 (j), CGRP (m), and VGluT1 (p). c, f, i, l, o, r Merged images of the respective two photos on the left. Arrowheads indicate co-expressing cells. Scale bar 50 μm. s The co-expression rate of each marker in ATF3-positive cells. n = 4. ***p < 0.001 vs. TrkC. ****p < 0.0001 vs. TrkC. †p < 0.05 vs. VGluT1. ††p < 0.01 vs. VGluT1. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test