Fig. 1

Reactive microglia accumulate in NMDA-damaged retinas. Eyes were injected with a single dose of NMDA and retinas harvested at different times after treatment. Sections were labeled with antibodies to Iba1 (a) and TUNEL (c), or antibodies to F4/80 (green) and Iba1 (red; e). The boxplots in b illustrate the mean, upper extreme, lower extreme, upper quartile, and lower quartile for total number of microglia in the retina at different times after NMDA-treatment (n = 4 animals).The boxplots in d illustrate the mean, upper extreme, lower extreme, upper quartile, and lower quartile for number of TUNEL-positive cells in the retina at different times after NMDA-treatment (n = 4 animals). The box plot in f illustrates the mean, upper extreme, lower extreme, upper quartile, and lower quartile for number of F4/80-positive/Iba1-positive cells (n ≥ 6 animals). Significance of difference (*p < 0.05) was determined by using a t test (e). Arrow-heads indicate microglia. The calibration bar panels a, c, and e represent 50 μm. Abbreviations: ONL, outer nuclear layer; INL, inner nuclear layer; IPL, inner plexiform layer; GCL, ganglion cell layer