Fig. 4

Increased type 1 response in T cells in the brain upon co-infection with H. polygyrus. Immune cells were isolated from the brains of T. gondii-infected and T. gondii and H. polygyrus co-infected mice and analyzed by flow cytometry. a, b Representative gating strategy for lymphocyte populations. Following a viability staining and FSC/SSC gating, single cells were chosen for further characterization. a In both non-infected and H. polygyrus-infected mice, there was an absence of recruited CD45⁺ leukocytes. b In both Tg-infected and Tg and Hp co-infected mice, CD11b⁻CD45^hi cells were identified as lymphocytes and then further gated for CD3 expression. CD3⁺ lymphocytes were additionally gated for CD4⁺ and CD8α⁺ T cells. c Lymphocyte recruitment was calculated as a percentage of single cells found in the brain. d, e Intracellular expression of proteins in T cells was characterized by the percentage of cells positive for IFN-γ or TNF and the MFI of the positive cells of each respective marker. Bars represent mean ± SEM