Fig. 4

URMC-099 prophylaxis abrogates orthopedic surgery-induced deficits in object place and identity discrimination. Three-month-old mice received three doses i.p. of URMC-099 (10 mg/kg) prior to undergoing sham or orthopedic surgery. a An illustration of the “What-Where-When” Object Discrimination test. b URMC-099 prevented the surgery-induced impairments in the “What” and “Where” phases of the test, whereas “When” was unaffected. c Neither surgery nor drug treatment affected the total exploration times throughout the task. d Orthopedic surgery increased the total distance traveled during “set A” relative to sham-treated controls for both the vehicle- and URMC-099-treated mice. N = 10; results presented as mean ± SEM; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, comparisons as indicated; repeated-measures ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparison test (memory preference scores) or Tukey’s multiple comparison test (distance moved)