Fig. 4

Activated T cells and FoxP3 Treg cell number are significantly different in IL-10 KO mice. The frequency of activated T cells (CD4⁺CD25⁺) in the spleen was significantly increased in IL-10 KO mice (n = 8) in both sham and E2 treatment groups compared to WT-treated mice (n = 6 and n = 8, respectively; p < 0.01). Additionally, E2-treated IL-10 KO mice had significantly more activated T cells compared to IL-10 KO sham mice (p < 0.05; a). Conversely, CD4⁺CD25⁺FoxP3⁺ Treg frequency was significantly decreased in IL-10 KO mice in both treatment groups compared to WT mice (p < 0.05; b). Data are represented as mean ± SEM