Fig. 4

Treatment of naïve HBCA cells with supernatants from tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV)-infected SK-N-SH. a Schema of the experiment. Supernatants from TBEV-infected and mock-infected SK-N-SH cells were collected at days 1 (treatment a) and 3 (treatment b) p.i. and cleared of the virus. Then, HBCA were incubated with the virus-free SK-N-SH supernatants for 4 h. On days 1 and 5 post-treatment, the cell culture supernatants were collected and used for cytokine/chemokine measurements with the Human Cytokine Magnetic 30-Plex Panel for the Luminex platform. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences compared to uninfected controls (b). HBCA cells were incubated with SK-N-SH supernatants for 4 h and then infected with TBEV (m.o.i. = 1). On days 0, 1, and 5 p.i., supernatants were collected and used for determination of viral titer (c). Cell viability was also assessed (d). **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001