Fig. 7

Quercetin inhibited M1 macrophages/microglia induced-necroptosis of OLs. a, b Quantification of intracellular ROS and ATP levels in OLs, or cells treated by quercetin alone, conditioned medium (CM) from M1 microglia (M1 CM) and quercetin-treated M1 microglia (Q-M1 CM). Notice that quercetin significantly attenuated the effects of M1 CM on necroptosis of OLs. c–f Quantification of the expression levels of RIP3, MLKL, and pMLKL in control cells, quercetin alone-treated, M1 CM-treated, or Q-M1 CM-treated cells. β-actin was used as a loading control. Notice that quercetin significantly decreased the expression of necroptotic markers induced by M1 CM. g, h PI staining and quantification of PI-positive cells in control cells, or cells treated by quercetin alone, M1 CM, and Q-M1 CM. Notice that quercetin significantly decreased the number of PI-labeled cells induced by M1 CM. Scale bar = 50 μm. Results are mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. Differences among groups were determined with one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post-hoc test (a, b, d–f, h). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01