Fig. 4

TRPV1 promoted the production and release of inflammatory factors in astrocytes after OGD. a IF (scale 200 μm) and white squares corresponding enlarged view (scale 20 μm) showed the IF intensity and area of GFAP (b). Relative mRNA levels and the protein expression of TNF (c), IL-6 (d), and IL-1β (e). f IF staining of astrocytes (scale 20 μm) for iNOS (red), GFAP (green), and DAPI (blue). Co-localization areas were marked by white squares and were enlarged below the right side; co-location between iNOS and DAPI was above it. Histogram analyzed the iNOS relative IF intensity (g) and mRNA expression (h). i Western blot and quantification showed the protein expression of ARG-1. j q-PCR analyzed the mRNA expression of ARG-1. k q- PCR detected the expression of A1-related genes (H2-T23, Iigp1, Fkbp5) and A2-related genes (S100a10, Cd109, Emp1). Data are shown as the mean ± SEM; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, n = 3 per group, based on a one-way ANOVA