Fig. 3

Unilateral intrastriatal injection of PFF α-syn induces microglial activation and astrogliosis preceding DA neuronal degeneration in the SNpc. C57BL/6J mice stereotaxically injected with PFF α-syn seeds or α-syn monomers. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed at 5 months p.i. (n = 5–6 per group). a Representative immunohistochemical images staining of TH in the SNpc. Scale bars represent 1 mm. b Stereological analysis of TH-positive neurons to evaluate total number of TH neurons in the SNpc. Graph shows mean ± SEM. c Representative immunohistochemical images of Iba-1 and MHC-II double staining in SNpc. Nuclear staining with DAPI shown in blue. Scale bars represent 20 μm. Graph represents optical density (O.D.) of positive Iba-1 staining in the ipsilateral SNpc (n = 3–4 per group). d Representative immunohistochemical images of GFAP staining in SNpc. Nuclear staining with DAPI shown in blue. Scale bars represent 20 μm. Graph represents O.D. of positive GFAP staining in the ipsilateral SNpc (n = 3–4 per group). Data represent mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, n.s.; not significant, Student’s t test