Fig. 5

a–d N-astrocytes produce uPA to activated Plg endogenously. N-astrocytes were treated for 6 h with Plg (0.2 μM), Plg plus tPA (12 nM), or vehicle in the presence or absence of amiloride (AMD, 100 μM). RT-qPCR was performed to determine mRNA levels for TNFα, IL-1β, and CCL2 (mean ± SEM; n = 3; ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01; one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test). d N-astrocytes were treated with (0.2 μM), Plg plus tPA (12 nM), or vehicle in presence and absence of amiloride (100 μM) for 1 h. Immunoblot analysis was performed to detect phospho-IκBα, IκBα, and β-actin