Fig. 1

Schematic timeline of the experimental procedure. The mice were treated with MEM (a NMDAR antagonist, 20 mg/kg) or MDL-28170 (a calpain inhibitor, 20 mg/kg) intraperitoneally (i.p.) before anesthesia, and the surgery was performed immediately after 30 min exposure to isoflurane. Twenty-four hours later, the mice were sacrificed for Western blot and immunofluorescence detection. For the behavioral study, mice underwent anesthesia and surgery on day 0. The mice were treated with MEM (20 mg/kg) or MDL-28170 (20 mg/kg) i.p. before anesthesia, and once daily for the subsequent 5 consecutive days. Behavioral tests were performed from 5 to 8 days post-surgery with open field, Y maze, and fear conditioning tests, respectively. Three hours after behavioral tests at 8 days post-surgery, the brains of mice were collected for Western blot and Golgi-Cox staining