Fig. 3

Clozapine treatment reduces CCL2 and CCL5 mRNA expression by primary macrophages and microglia. a, b Primary microglia were isolated from the brains of 5 days old mice, differentiated with M-CSF for 30 days and pre or co-treated with clozapine in the presence of LPS for 24 h. c–f Bone marrow-derived macrophages were isolated, differentiated with either GM-CSF and IL3 (c, d) or M-CSF (e, f) for 9 days and treated with clozapine in the presence of either IFNγ and LPS (c, d) or IL4 and LPS (e, f) for 24 h. g, f Primary astrocytes were isolated from brains and treated with clozapine in the presence of IFNγ and LPS for 24 h. For all samples, mRNA was extracted and analyzed by qRT-PCR for CCL2 and CCL5 expression. Shown are the means and SEM of three independent experiments normalized to cyclophilin A as a housekeeper and untreated control. *p < 0.0332 and ***p < 0.0001 by paired one-way ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple comparisons test