Fig. 6

Zerumbone increases the expression of CD206 (an anti-inflammatory marker) in the cortex of APP/PS1 mice. Five-month-old APP/PS1-21 mice, five males and two females, were treated for 20 days with zerumbone (25 mg/kg by daily gavage). a Representative photomicrographs of CD206 immunohistochemical staining in the cortex of APP/PS1 mice. b Representative photomicrographs of CD206 and ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1) double immunohistochemical staining in the cortex of APP/PS1 mice. c Representative photomicrographs of Iba-1 and β-amyloid (Aβ) double immunohistochemical staining in the cortex of APP/PS1 mice. d Representative photomicrographs of CD206 and Aβ double immunohistochemical staining in the cortex of APP/PS1 mice. e Quantification of the percentage of CD206 and Iba-1 in the cortex of vehicle- and zerumbone-treated APP/PS1 mice. The areas of CD206 IR and Iba-1⁺CD206 double IR in the cortex were slightly increased by zerumbone treatment. f Quantification of the ratio of the area of Iba-1 + CD206 double IR to the area of Iba-1 IR in the cortex of vehicle- and zerumbone-treated APP/PS1 mice. The percentage of Iba-1 + CD206 double staining area to Iba-1 IR was significantly increased by zerumbone treatment. g Quantification of the ratio of the area of Iba-1 + CD206 double IR to the area of Aβ IR in the cortex of vehicle and zerumbone-treated APP/PS1 mice. The ratio of the area of Iba-1 + CD206 double IR to the area of Aβ IR was significantly increased by zerumbone treatment. h Representative photomicrographs of CD206 and Iba-1 immunofluorescence double staining in the cortex of APP/PS1 mice. The percentage areas of CD206 and the ratio of the area of Iba-1 + CD206 double IR to the area of Iba-1 IR were determined (n = 7). *p < 0.05. i Representative immunofluorescence images, and quantitative analysis of synaptophysin in the hippocampal CA3 and in the DG, in the brains of Zerumbone treated AD mice and vehicle-treated AD mice (Scale bars, 100 μm) (n = 5)