Fig. 2

ODN 2088 modulates the release of chemokines by SC astrocytes, in vitro. a Representative chemokine arrays used to detect chemokines in CM of vehicle- and ODN 2088-treated astrocytes. The chemokine arrays were independently repeated twice, showing similar results. Results from a representative experiment are shown. The dots enclosed in rectangular boxes show chemokines whose levels were decreased (> 5% difference) in the CM of ODN 2088-treated astrocytes compared to the CM of vehicle-treated astrocytes. The dots enclosed in the oval box show the chemokine whose levels were increased (> 5% difference) in the CM of ODN 2088-treated astrocytes compared to CM of vehicle-treated astrocytes. 1: CCL1; 2: CCL9/MIP-1γ; 3: CCL2/MCP-1; 4: CCL20/MIP-3α; 5: CX3CL1. b Densitometric quantification of the signal obtained in the chemokine array using the Image Lab software (Bio-Rad). c Quantification of CCL9 levels in CM obtained from ODN 2088- or vehicle-treated astrocytes [**p < 0.01, independent-sample t-test, two-tailed]. The experiment was independently repeated four times, and the mean of 4 experiments (n = 4) is shown. d Quantification of CCL2 levels in CM obtained from ODN 2088- or vehicle-treated astrocytes [*p < 0.05, independent-sample t-test, two-tailed]. The experiment was independently repeated three times, and the mean of 3 experiments (n = 3) is shown