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Fig. 2 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 2

From: Pathological modeling of TBEV infection reveals differential innate immune responses in human neurons and astrocytes that correlate with their susceptibility to infection

Fig. 2

TBEV tropism for hNPC-derived brain cells. HNPCs differentiated for 13 days were infected with TBEV-Hypr at MOI 10−2. a Immunofluorescence labeling of infected cells at 24 hpi. Antibodies against βIII-tubulin (neurones), GFAP (astrocytes), or OLIG2 (oligodendrocytes) (green), and TBEV-E3 (red) were used. Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Yellow arrows show infected neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Digital higher magnification is shown in the right panel. Oligodendrocytes were recolored from gray to green. Scale bar = 20 μm. b Higher magnification (digitally cropped) showing the viral envelope in perinuclear areas (arrowhead) and neurites and astrocytic outgrowths (arrows). Scale bar = 20 μm. c–e Percentage of infected cells based on immunofluorescence labeling during the course of infection for (c) neurons, (d) astrocytes, and (e) oligodendrocytes. Results are representative of at least 2 independent experiments performed in triplicate. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. Statistical analysis was performed using a two-tailed unpaired t test with Graphpad Prism V6.0.1. ns, non-significant (p > 0.05); *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001

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Journal of Neuroinflammation

ISSN: 1742-2094