Fig. 4

RRMS patients with high Sema4A levels present Th17 but not Th1 immune signature. No significant difference was observed in serum IFN-γ levels between RRMS patients with high (≥ 2500 U/ml) and low Sema4A levels (< 2500 U/ml) (a). IL-17A and IL-4 were significantly higher in RRMS patients with high Sema4A level (b, c). Expression of RORC, but not TBX21 or GATA3, was elevated in CD4+ T cell isolated from PBMC of RRMS patients with high Sema4A levels (d–f). Data are expressed as means ± SEM. *P < 0.05; NS, not significant (P ≥ 0.05)