Supplement of microbiota-accessible carbohydrates prevents neuroinflammation and cognitive decline by improving the gut microbiota-brain axis in diet-induced obese mice

Table 1 Predicted KEGG functional pathway differences at level 2 inferred from 16S rRNA gene sequences using PICRUSt

KO functional categories		Con mean% (SEM%)	HF-FD mean% (SEM%)	HF-MAC mean% (SEM%)	Con vs HF-FD p value	HF-MAC vs HF-FD p value
Level 1	Level 2	Con mean% (SEM%)	HF-FD mean% (SEM%)	HF-MAC mean% (SEM%)	Con vs HF-FD p value	HF-MAC vs HF-FD p value
Metabolism	Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism	3.404 (0.080)	2.676 (0.086)	2.971 (0.071)	0.008	–
Environmental information processing	Signal transduction	2.122 (0.032)	2.712 (0.059)	2.155 (0.035)	0.008	0.003
Environmental information processing	Signaling molecules and interaction	0.208 (0.003)	0.201 (0.005)	0.194 (0.003)	–	0.009
Cellular processes	Cell motility	3.481 (0.122)	5.016 (0.244)	3.995 (0.149)	0.008	0.018
Cellular processes	Transport and catabolism	0.584 (0.017)	0.402 (0.019)	0.473 (0.012)	0.008	–
Human diseases	Neurodegenerative diseases	0.173 (0.003)	0.177 (0.004)	0.168 (0.002)	–	0.015
Human diseases	Metabolic diseases	0.121 (0.003)	0.095 (0.004)	0.113 (0.003)	0.013	0.009
Organismal systems	Environmental adaptation	0.186 (0.004)	0.221 (0.000)	0.199 (0.003)	0.016	0.018
Organismal systems	Digestive system	0.028 (0.001)	0.019 (0.003)	0.029 (0.002)	–	0.040

Data is expressed as mean (%) (SEM%). KEGG Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, PICRUSt Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States, KO KEGG ortholog; SEM standard error

ISSN: 1742-2094