Fig. 5

Pro- and anti-inflammatory gene expression at P13 following HI insult at P10. Relative expression of pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, TNF-α, and iNOS) and anti-inflammatory genes (IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β) was measured by quantitative PCR at P13 in males (a) (DTA⁻ sham, n = 3; DTA⁺ sham, n = 4; DTA⁻ HI, n = 6; DTA⁺ HI, n = 9) and females (b) (DTA⁻ sham, n = 3; DTA⁺ sham, n = 3; DTA⁻ HI, n = 6; DTA⁺ HI, n = 6). All values were normalized to β-actin. The expression levels of the target mRNAs were calculated and compared with the DTA⁻ and sham groups. Values are presented as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. Regarding TNF-α, iNOS, IL-4, and TGF-β expression in males and IL-1β, iNOS, IL-4, and TGF-β expression in females; one-way ANOVA followed by the Sidak multiple comparison test. Regarding IL-β and IL-10 in males and TNF-α and IL-10 in females; Dunn’s multiple comparison test