Fig. 8

Exogenous IL-1β prevents S. aureus outgrowth in caspase-1-deficient mice during craniotomy infection. WT and caspase-1 (Casp-1) KO mice received IL-1β containing or control (vehicle) microparticles at the dorsal and ventral aspects of the bone flap on the day of S. aureus infection and were sacrificed at day 14 to quantify bacterial burden in the brain and galea. Results were combined from two independent experiments (n = 9–10 mice/group) and analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001)