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Fig. 4 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 4

From: The cerebrovascular and neurological impact of chronic smoking on post-traumatic brain injury outcome and recovery: an in vivo study

Fig. 4

Effect of premorbid TS exposure and TBI on pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α. ELISA results of pro-inflammatory cytokines a IL-6, b TNF-α, and c IL-10 24 h and 3 days after TBI. Our data shows TS exposure promoting the inflammation and synergistically potentiating the cytokines upregulation induced by TBI. n = 6 biological replicates for each experimental group. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 vs. control. #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001, ####p < 0.0001 vs. smoke. @p < 0.05, @@p < 0.01, @@@p < 0.001, @@@@p < 0.0001 vs. TBI

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Journal of Neuroinflammation

ISSN: 1742-2094