Fig. 5

MRZ reaction. Panel a shows the antibody indices for M, R and Z in multiple sclerosis (pooled data from ref. [44, 46]) and in samples from MOG-IgG-positive patients (present study). Groups were compared using the Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s post-test. Note that in those cases in which a negative AI was documented but no exact value was available, the AI was set to 1.5, i.e., just below the cut-off for AI positivity (> 1.5); in consequence, the real differences between MOG-EM and MS may be even more pronounced than shown here. Panel b shows the frequency of a positive MRZ reaction (MR, MZ, RZ, or MRZ) in MOG-EM (present study), in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), and in healthy controls (HC) (data from [44]). AI antibody index, M measles virus AI, R rubella virus AI, Z varicella zoster virus AI