Fig. 5

CCL-2d attenuates arthritis-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. a CCL-2d chemical structure. b Mice (n = 6) were intraperitoneally injected with CCL-2d (360 μg/kg), followed by a rota-rod test. c, d Mice were treated as in Fig. 1. After 4 weeks, mice were intraperitoneally injected with doses of CCL-2d (a, 360, 3600 μg/kg), then underwent mechanical behavioral tests with von-Frey filaments. C represents time courses (n = 1 for each group). d represents PWT at 60 min (n = 6). ***p < 0.001 by one-way ANOVA. e–j For long-term treatments, 360 μg/kg CCL-2d or 3 mg/kg tofacitinib was intraperitoneally (e–h) or orally (i, j) administered weekly for 9 consecutive weeks. Mechanical tests were performed before (b) or after (60 min) compound injection every week from week 4. Data are mean ± SEM of total tested mice. *p < 0.5, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, vehicle- (n = 6) vs CCL-2d-treated (n = 6) before (b) or at 60 min; #p < 0.5, ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001 CCL-2d-treated at 60 min vs before by two-way ANOVA. Black arrows indicate CFA treatments and white arrows are CCL-2d treatments