Exploration of anti-inflammatory mechanism of forsythiaside A and forsythiaside B in CuSO4-induced inflammation in zebrafish by metabolomic and proteomic analyses

Gong, Lihong; Yu, Linyuan; Gong, Xiaohong; Wang, Cheng; Hu, Naihua; Dai, Xuyang; Peng, Cheng; Li, Yunxia

doi:10.1186/s12974-020-01855-9

Journal of Neuroinflammation

Table 1 Identification results and change trends of important differential metabolites

From: Exploration of anti-inflammatory mechanism of forsythiaside A and forsythiaside B in CuSO₄-induced inflammation in zebrafish by metabolomic and proteomic analyses

No.	Metabolities	m/z	Rt/s	ESI mode	Formula	VIP	p value	Control vs model	Model vs FA	Model vs FB
1	Uridine 5-diphosphate	402.99	71.91	−	C₉H₁₄N₂O₁₂P₂	1.793	0.001	↑^###	↓^**	↓^***
2	XMP	363.03	75.89	−	C₁₀H₁₃N₄O₉P	2.133	0.000	↑^###	─	↓^***
3	Pipecolic acid	130.08	78.20	+	C₆H₁₁NO₂	1.242	0.034	↑^#	─	↓^*
4	Carnitine	162.11	91.92	+	C₇H₁₆NO₃	1.288	0.027	↑^#	↓^*	↓^*
5	5-methoxyindoleacetate	206.08	97.77	+	C₁₁H₁₁NO₃	1.728	0.001	↑^##	─	↓^*
6	Cytosine	112.05	101.80	+	C₄H₅N₃O	1.295	0.026	↑^#	─	↓^*
7	Nicotinamide ribotide	335.06	102.13	+	C₁₁H₁₅N₂O₈P	1.990	0.000	↑^###	─	↓^***
8	Trigonelline	138.05	102.30	+	C₇H₇NO₂	1.592	0.004	↑^##	─	↓^*
9	1-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid	144.10	102.86	+	C₇H₁₃NO₂	1.787	0.001	↑^###	─	↓^*
10	N-alpha-acetyllysine	189.12	104.90	+	C₈H₁₆N₂O₃	1.275	0.028	↑^#	─	↓^*
11	Val-Abu-OH	309.11	105.87	−	C₁₄H₁₈N₂O₆	1.655	0.003	↑^##	↓^*	↓^**
12	Chitobiose	425.17	107.48	+	C₁₆H₂₈N₂O₁₁	1.940	0.000	↑^###	↓^**	─
13	Glutamylthreonine	249.11	110.44	+	C₉H₁₆N₂O₆	1.477	0.009	↑^##	─	↓^***
14	Glucose 6-phosphate	261.03	112.61	+	C₆H₁₃O₉P	1.458	0.000	↑^#	─	↓^***
15	dIMP	331.04	115.74	−	C₁₀H₁₃N₄O₇P	1.280	0.029	↓^#	─	↑^**
16	Ciliatine	126.03	118.96	+	C₂H₈NO₃P	1.180	0.000	↑^###	↓^***	↓^***
17	N6-acetyl-L-lysine	189.12	121.39	+	C₈H₁₆N₂O₃	1.193	0.042	↑^#	─	↓^*
18	N-A-acetyl-L-arginine	217.13	121.98	+	C₈H₁₆N₄O₃	1.751	0.001	↑^##	─	↓^**
19	Uracil	113.03	139.01	+	C₄H₄N₂O₂	1.645	0.003	↓^##	─	↑^*
20	Cytidine	242.08	174.43	−	C₉H₁₃N₃O₅	1.464	0.011	↑^#	↓^*	↓^**
21	Guanosine	282.08	230.23	−	C₁₀H₁₃N₅O₅	1.399	0.015	↑^#	─	↓^***
22	Deoxyuridine	227.06	289.06	−	C₉H₁₂N₂O₅	1.363	0.019	↓^#	─	↑^*
23	L-beta-homomethionine	164.07	336.67	+	C₆H₁₃NO₂S	1.215	0.038	↑^#	─	↓^**
24	Gamma-glutamyl-methionine	279.10	337.22	+	C₁₀H₁₉N₃O₄S	2.147	0.000	↑^###	─	↓^***
25	Benzaldehyde	107.05	343.55	+	C₇H₆O	1.794	0.001	↑^##	↓^**	↓^**
26	Isobutyryl carnitine	232.15	373.56	+	C₁₁H₂₁NO₄	1.208	0.040	↑^#	↓^*	↓^*
27	N-acetyl-L-Phenylalanine	206.08	385.01	−	C₁₁H₁₃NO₃	1.590	0.005	↑^##	↓^*	↓^**
28	Gamma-glutamyl-leucine	261.14	404.26	+	C₁₁H₂₁N₃O₄	1.904	0.000	↑^###	↓^**	↓^**
29	Jasmonate	209.12	521.42	−	C₁₂H₁₈O₃	1.045	0.000	↓^##	─	↑^***
30	N-acetyltryptophan	247.11	543.58	+	C₁₃H₁₄N₂O₃	1.478	0.010	↑^##	─	↓^**
31	Dihydrojasmonic acid	211.13	601.25	−	C₁₂H₂₀O₃	1.348	0.020	↓^#	↑^*	↑^**
32	Cyclic GMP	344.07	625.18	−	C₁₀H₁₂N₅O₇P	1.731	0.002	↓^##	↑^***	↑^**
33	12-hydroxydodecanoic acid	215.16	710.07	−	C₁₂H₂₄O₃	1.780	0.001	↑^##	↓^*	↓^*
34	NAGly	360.25	794.64	−	C₂₂H₃₅NO₃	2.005	0.000	↑^###	─	↓^**
35	L-A-lysophosphatidylserine	524.30	823.98	−	C₂₄H₄₈NO₉P	1.246	0.034	↓^#	─	↑^**
36	N-arachidonoyl dihydroxypropylamine	376.29	825.78	−	C₂₃H₃₉NO₃	1.643	0.003	↓^##	↑^**	↑^**

↑, the metabolite was up-regulated; ↓, the metabolite was down-regulated
^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01, ^###p < 0.001, compared with the control group
^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001, compared with the model group

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