Fig. 3

TM suppresses the ability of M1 macrophages to induce inflammation. Primary Schwann cells were incubated with conditioned medium derived from M0, M1, or TM-treated M1 cells. The expression level of inflammatory markers was measured by using quantitative RT-PCR. Quantitative RT-PCR data revealed that exposure to M1-conditioned medium triggered an increase in the RNA expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in Schwann cells, indicating the proinflammatory characteristics of factors secreted by M1 macrophages. The pro-inflammatory feature of M1 macrophages decreased following incubation with TM in a dose-dependent manner. n = 5. Mean ± SD. *p < 0.05 compared with M1