Fig. 4

GM-CSF induces specific disturbances of gamma oscillations. a Distribution of network activities in naïve control slices and slices exposed to GM-CSF (100 ng/mL), GM-CSF+LPS (100 ng/mL, both), or IFN-γ+LPS (100 ng/mL, both). Gamma oscillation properties: b Peak frequency and c peak power. d Distribution of network activities of naïve control slices and slices exposed to IL-17 (100 ng/mL) or IL-17+LPS (100 ng/mL, both). Gamma oscillation properties: e Peak frequency and f peak power. For a and d, values represent percentage of network activity type and were compared using the chi-square test. All groups were compared in respective to the presence of gamma oscillations (GAMMA vs. NO GAMMA) and recurrent neural burst firing (BURST vs. NO BURST). All IFN-γ+LPS slices presented only “no activity” and were not included in statistical analysis. *P < 0.05 vs. CTL for GAMMA vs. NO GAMMA. #P < 0.05 vs. CTL for BURST vs. NO BURST. For b–c and e–f, values represent medians and interquartile range and the whiskers indicate minimum and maximum of data and were compared using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. *P < 0.05 vs. CTL. For n/N cultures/preparations: a CTL, 23/6; GM-CSF, 35/6; GM-CSF+LPS, 26/3; IFN-γ+LPS, 10/3. b, c CTL, 22/6; GM-CSF, 5/2; GM-CSF+LPS, 6/3. d CTL, 16/3; IL-17, 16/3; IL-17+LPS, 16/3. e, f CTL, 15/3; IL-17, 14/3; IL-17+LPS, 13/3