Fig. 4

DTI, metrics predicted cognitive performance on domain Z-scores across subject groups. HIV+ participants with HAND are further indicated with dark blue borders on the circles or red borders on the squares. A, B Lower FA in the left anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) predicted poorer Fluency across all participants and poorer Attention and Working Memory in all participants except for the SN nonusers (interaction p = 0.038). C Higher radial diffusivity (RD) in the left ALIC also predicted poorer Memory in MJ users regardless of HIV serostatus but not in non-MJ users (interaction p = 0.027). D, E Lower Global Z-scores were predicted by higher AD in left superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) and higher RD in left posterior corona radiata (PCR). The asterisk (*) indicates both interaction p values remained significant when the highest diffusion measures were removed (left SLF_AD: p = 0.040; left PCR_RD: p = 0.016). F Lower Global Z-score was also predicted by higher RD in the left superior corona radiata (SCR) in all participants except for the SN nonuser group (interaction p = 0.016). The asterisk (*) indicates the 3-way interaction p value for the SCR_L became even more significant if the highest diffusion point is removed (p = 0.002). SN, HIV-seronegative nonuser group; SN + MJ, HIV-seronegative marijuana user group; HIV, HIV-seropositive nonuser group; HIV + MJ, HIV-seropositive marijuana user group. HAND (HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder)