Fig. 7

Elevation of growth factors in memantine-treated IgG(AQP4+) mice. a–c ELISA analyses of BDNF (a), GDNF (b), and VEGF (c) in the spinal cords of IgG(AQP4+) mice treated with preventive memantine or vehicle at 1, 4, and 8 dpi or with therapeutic memantine or vehicle at 8 dpi. IgG(con) mice treated with vehicle were used as a sham control. n = 3 per group. Each ELISA was performed in duplicates. Data are mean ± SEM. One-way ANOVA with Tukey-Kramer post hoc test. ns, not significant; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001